The Bioprocessing Systems market report provides a detailed analysis of global market size, regional and country-level market size, segmentation market growth, market share, competitive Landscape, sales analysis, impact of domestic and global market players, value chain optimization, trade regulations, recent developments, opportunities analysis, strategic market growth analysis, product launches, area marketplace expanding, and technological innovations. According to our latest research, the global Bioprocessing Systems size is estimated to be USD xx million in 2026 from USD xx million in 2020, with a change XX% between 2020 and 2021. The global Bioprocessing Systems market size is expected to grow at a CAGR of xx% for the next five years. Market segmentation Bioprocessing Systems market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2016-2026, the growth among segments provide accurate calculations and forecasts for revenue by Type and by Application. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets. Market segment by Type, covers Upstream Downstream Single Use Integrated Market segment by Application, can be divided into Vaccine Development Cell Therapy and Plant Cell Cultivation Filters Tissue Engineering Biosensors Bioreactors and Mixers Plasma Fractionation Chromatography Bio-therapeutic Molecule Production Market segment by players, this report covers Lonza Pall Corporation GE Healthcare Nordson MEDICAL's Thermo Fisher Scientific EMD Millipore Corporation PBS Biotech Market segment by regions, regional analysis covers North America (United States, Canada, and Mexico) Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe) Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, India, Southeast Asia, Australia, and Rest of Asia-Pacific) South America (Brazil, Argentina, Rest of South America) Middle East & Africa (Turkey, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Rest of Middle East & Africa) The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 12 chapters: Chapter 1, to describe Bioprocessing Systems product scope, market overview, market opportunities, market driving force and market risks. Chapter 2, to profile the top players of Bioprocessing Systems, with revenue, gross margin and global market share of Bioprocessing Systems from 2019 to 2021. Chapter 3, the Bioprocessing Systems competitive situation, revenue and global market share of top players are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast. Chapter 4 and 5, to segment the market size by type and application, with revenue and growth rate by type, application, from 2016 to 2026. Chapter 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, to break the market size data at the country level, with revenue and market share for key countries in the world, from 2016 to 2021.and Bioprocessing Systems market forecast, by regions, type and application, with revenue, from 2021 to 2026. Chapter 11 and 12, to describe Bioprocessing Systems research findings and conclusion, appendix and data source.
1 Market Overview 1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Bioprocessing Systems 1.2 Classification of Bioprocessing Systems by Type 1.2.1 Overview: Global Bioprocessing Systems Market Size by Type: 2020 Versus 2021 Versus 2026 1.2.2 Global Bioprocessing Systems Revenue Market Share by Type in 2020 1.2.3 Upstream 1.2.4 Downstream 1.2.5 Single Use 1.2.6 Integrated 1.3 Global Bioprocessing Systems Market by Application 1.3.1 Overview: Global Bioprocessing Systems Market Size by Application: 2020 Versus 2021 Versus 2026 1.3.2 Vaccine Development 1.3.3 Cell Therapy and Plant Cell Cultivation 1.3.4 Filters 1.3.5 Tissue Engineering 1.3.6 Biosensors 1.3.7 Bioreactors and Mixers 1.3.8 Plasma Fractionation 1.3.9 Chromatography 1.3.10 Bio-therapeutic Molecule Production 1.4 Global Bioprocessing Systems Market Size & Forecast 1.5 Global Bioprocessing Systems Market Size and Forecast by Region 1.5.1 Global Bioprocessing Systems Market Size by Region: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2026 1.5.2 Global Bioprocessing Systems Market Size by Region, (2016-2021) 1.5.3 North America Bioprocessing Systems Market Size and Prospect (2016-2026) 1.5.4 Europe Bioprocessing Systems Market Size and Prospect (2016-2026) 1.5.5 Asia-Pacific Bioprocessing Systems Market Size and Prospect (2016-2026) 1.5.6 South America Bioprocessing Systems Market Size and Prospect (2016-2026) 1.5.7 Middle East and Africa Bioprocessing Systems Market Size and Prospect (2016-2026) 1.6 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends 1.6.1 Bioprocessing Systems Market Drivers 1.6.2 Bioprocessing Systems Market Restraints 1.6.3 Bioprocessing Systems Trends Analysis 2 Company Profiles 2.1 Lonza 2.1.1 Lonza Details 2.1.2 Lonza Major Business 2.1.3 Lonza Bioprocessing Systems Product and Solutions 2.1.4 Lonza Bioprocessing Systems Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) 2.1.5 Lonza Recent Developments and Future Plans 2.2 Pall Corporation 2.2.1 Pall Corporation Details 2.2.2 Pall Corporation Major Business 2.2.3 Pall Corporation Bioprocessing Systems Product and Solutions 2.2.4 Pall Corporation Bioprocessing Systems Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) 2.2.5 Pall Corporation Recent Developments and Future Plans 2.3 GE Healthcare 2.3.1 GE Healthcare Details 2.3.2 GE Healthcare Major Business 2.3.3 GE Healthcare Bioprocessing Systems Product and Solutions 2.3.4 GE Healthcare Bioprocessing Systems Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) 2.3.5 GE Healthcare Recent Developments and Future Plans 2.4 Nordson MEDICAL's 2.4.1 Nordson MEDICAL's Details 2.4.2 Nordson MEDICAL's Major Business 2.4.3 Nordson MEDICAL's Bioprocessing Systems Product and Solutions 2.4.4 Nordson MEDICAL's Bioprocessing Systems Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) 2.4.5 Nordson MEDICAL's Recent Developments and Future Plans 2.5 Thermo Fisher Scientific 2.5.1 Thermo Fisher Scientific Details 2.5.2 Thermo Fisher Scientific Major Business 2.5.3 Thermo Fisher Scientific Bioprocessing Systems Product and Solutions 2.5.4 Thermo Fisher Scientific Bioprocessing Systems Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) 2.5.5 Thermo Fisher Scientific Recent Developments and Future Plans 2.6 EMD Millipore Corporation 2.6.1 EMD Millipore Corporation Details 2.6.2 EMD Millipore Corporation Major Business 2.6.3 EMD Millipore Corporation Bioprocessing Systems Product and Solutions 2.6.4 EMD Millipore Corporation Bioprocessing Systems Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) 2.6.5 EMD Millipore Corporation Recent Developments and Future Plans 2.7 PBS Biotech 2.7.1 PBS Biotech Details 2.7.2 PBS Biotech Major Business 2.7.3 PBS Biotech Bioprocessing Systems Product and Solutions 2.7.4 PBS Biotech Bioprocessing Systems Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) 2.7.5 PBS Biotech Recent Developments and Future Plans 3 Market Competition, by Players 3.1 Global Bioprocessing Systems Revenue and Share by Players (2019-2021) 3.2 Market Concentration Rate 3.2.1 Top 3 Bioprocessing Systems Players Market Share 3.2.2 Top 10 Bioprocessing Systems Players Market Share 3.2.3 Market Competition Trend 3.3 Bioprocessing Systems Players Head Office, Products and Services Provided 3.4 Mergers & Acquisitions 3.5 New Entrants and Expansion Plans 4 Market Size Segment by Type 4.1 Global Bioprocessing Systems Revenue and Market Share by Type (2016-2021) 4.2 Global Bioprocessing Systems Market Forecast by Type (2021-2026) 5 Market Size Segment by Application 5.1 Global Bioprocessing Systems Revenue Market Share by Application (2016-2021) 5.2 Bioprocessing Systems Market Forecast by Application (2021-2026) 6 North America by Country, by Type, and by Application 6.1 North America Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Type (2016-2026) 6.2 North America Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Application (2016-2026) 6.3 North America Bioprocessing Systems Market Size by Country 6.3.1 North America Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Country (2016-2026) 6.3.2 United States Bioprocessing Systems Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 6.3.3 Canada Bioprocessing Systems Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 6.3.4 Mexico Bioprocessing Systems Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 7 Europe by Country, by Type, and by Application 7.1 Europe Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Type (2016-2026) 7.2 Europe Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Application (2016-2026) 7.3 Europe Bioprocessing Systems Market Size by Country 7.3.1 Europe Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Country (2016-2026) 7.3.2 Germany Bioprocessing Systems Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 7.3.3 France Bioprocessing Systems Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 7.3.4 United Kingdom Bioprocessing Systems Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 7.3.5 Russia Bioprocessing Systems Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 7.3.6 Italy Bioprocessing Systems Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 8 Asia-Pacific by Region, by Type, and by Application 8.1 Asia-Pacific Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Type (2016-2026) 8.2 Asia-Pacific Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Application (2016-2026) 8.3 Asia-Pacific Bioprocessing Systems Market Size by Region 8.3.1 Asia-Pacific Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Region (2016-2026) 8.3.2 China Bioprocessing Systems Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 8.3.3 Japan Bioprocessing Systems Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 8.3.4 South Korea Bioprocessing Systems Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 8.3.5 India Bioprocessing Systems Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 8.3.6 Southeast Asia Bioprocessing Systems Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 8.3.7 Australia Bioprocessing Systems Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 9 South America by Country, by Type, and by Application 9.1 South America Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Type (2016-2026) 9.2 South America Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Application (2016-2026) 9.3 South America Bioprocessing Systems Market Size by Country 9.3.1 South America Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Country (2016-2026) 9.3.2 Brazil Bioprocessing Systems Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 9.3.3 Argentina Bioprocessing Systems Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 10 Middle East & Africa by Country, by Type, and by Application 10.1 Middle East & Africa Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Type (2016-2026) 10.2 Middle East & Africa Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Application (2016-2026) 10.3 Middle East & Africa Bioprocessing Systems Market Size by Country 10.3.1 Middle East & Africa Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Country (2016-2026) 10.3.2 Turkey Bioprocessing Systems Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 10.3.3 Saudi Arabia Bioprocessing Systems Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 10.3.4 UAE Bioprocessing Systems Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 11 Research Findings and Conclusion 12 Appendix 12.1 Methodology 12.2 Research Process and Data Source 12.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables Table 1. Global Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Type, (USD Million), 2020 VS 2021 VS 2026 Table 2. Global Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Application, (USD Million), 2020 VS 2021 VS 2026 Table 3. Global Market Bioprocessing Systems Revenue (Million USD) Comparison by Region (2016 VS 2021 VS 2026) Table 4. Global Bioprocessing Systems Revenue (USD Million) by Region (2016-2021) Table 5. Global Bioprocessing Systems Revenue Market Share by Region (2021-2026) Table 6. Lonza Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors Table 7. Lonza Major Business Table 8. Lonza Bioprocessing Systems Product and Solutions Table 9. Lonza Bioprocessing Systems Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) Table 10. Pall Corporation Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors Table 11. Pall Corporation Major Business Table 12. Pall Corporation Bioprocessing Systems Product and Solutions Table 13. Pall Corporation Bioprocessing Systems Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) Table 14. GE Healthcare Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors Table 15. GE Healthcare Major Business Table 16. GE Healthcare Bioprocessing Systems Product and Solutions Table 17. GE Healthcare Bioprocessing Systems Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) Table 18. Nordson MEDICAL's Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors Table 19. Nordson MEDICAL's Major Business Table 20. Nordson MEDICAL's Bioprocessing Systems Product and Solutions Table 21. Nordson MEDICAL's Bioprocessing Systems Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) Table 22. Thermo Fisher Scientific Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors Table 23. Thermo Fisher Scientific Major Business Table 24. Thermo Fisher Scientific Bioprocessing Systems Product and Solutions Table 25. Thermo Fisher Scientific Bioprocessing Systems Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) Table 26. EMD Millipore Corporation Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors Table 27. EMD Millipore Corporation Major Business Table 28. EMD Millipore Corporation Bioprocessing Systems Product and Solutions Table 29. EMD Millipore Corporation Bioprocessing Systems Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) Table 30. PBS Biotech Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors Table 31. PBS Biotech Major Business Table 32. PBS Biotech Bioprocessing Systems Product and Solutions Table 33. PBS Biotech Bioprocessing Systems Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) Table 34. Global Bioprocessing Systems Revenue (USD Million) by Players (2019-2021) Table 35. Global Bioprocessing Systems Revenue Share by Players (2019-2021) Table 36. Breakdown of Bioprocessing Systems by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) Table 37. Bioprocessing Systems Players Head Office, Products and Services Provided Table 38. Bioprocessing Systems Mergers & Acquisitions in the Past Five Years Table 39. Bioprocessing Systems New Entrants and Expansion Plans Table 40. Global Bioprocessing Systems Revenue (USD Million) by Type (2016-2021) Table 41. Global Bioprocessing Systems Revenue Share by Type (2016-2021) Table 42. Global Bioprocessing Systems Revenue Forecast by Type (2021-2026) Table 43. Global Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Application (2016-2021) Table 44. Global Bioprocessing Systems Revenue Forecast by Application (2021-2026) Table 45. North America Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Type (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 46. North America Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Type (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 47. North America Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Application (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 48. North America Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Application (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 49. North America Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 50. North America Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Country (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 51. Europe Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Type (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 52. Europe Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Type (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 53. Europe Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Application (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 54. Europe Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Application (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 55. Europe Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 56. Europe Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Country (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 57. Asia-Pacific Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Type (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 58. Asia-Pacific Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Type (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 59. Asia-Pacific Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Application (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 60. Asia-Pacific Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Application (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 61. Asia-Pacific Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Region (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 62. Asia-Pacific Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Region (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 63. South America Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Type (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 64. South America Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Type (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 65. South America Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Application (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 66. South America Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Application (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 67. South America Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 68. South America Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Country (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 69. Middle East & Africa Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Type (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 70. Middle East & Africa Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Type (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 71. Middle East & Africa Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Application (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 72. Middle East & Africa Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Application (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 73. Middle East & Africa Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 74. Middle East & Africa Bioprocessing Systems Revenue by Country (2021-2026) & (USD Million) List of Figures Figure 1. Bioprocessing Systems Picture Figure 2. Global Bioprocessing Systems Revenue Market Share by Type in 2020 Figure 3. Upstream Figure 4. Downstream Figure 5. Single Use Figure 6. Integrated Figure 7. Bioprocessing Systems Revenue Market Share by Application in 2020 Figure 8. Vaccine Development Picture Figure 9. Cell Therapy and Plant Cell Cultivation Picture Figure 10. Filters Picture Figure 11. Tissue Engineering Picture Figure 12. Biosensors Picture Figure 13. Bioreactors and Mixers Picture Figure 14. Plasma Fractionation Picture Figure 15. Chromatography Picture Figure 16. Bio-therapeutic Molecule Production Picture Figure 17. Global Bioprocessing Systems Revenue, (USD Million): 2020 VS 2021 VS 2026 Figure 18. Global Bioprocessing Systems Revenue and Forecast (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 19. Global Bioprocessing Systems Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2026) Figure 20. Global Bioprocessing Systems Revenue Market Share by Region in 2020 Figure 21. North America Bioprocessing Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2026) Figure 22. Europe Bioprocessing Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2026) Figure 23. Asia-Pacific Bioprocessing Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2026) Figure 24. South America Bioprocessing Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2026) Figure 25. Middle East and Africa Bioprocessing Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2026) Figure 26. Bioprocessing Systems Market Drivers Figure 27. Bioprocessing Systems Market Restraints Figure 28. Bioprocessing Systems Market Trends Figure 29. Lonza Recent Developments and Future Plans Figure 30. Pall Corporation Recent Developments and Future Plans Figure 31. GE Healthcare Recent Developments and Future Plans Figure 32. Nordson MEDICAL's Recent Developments and Future Plans Figure 33. Thermo Fisher Scientific Recent Developments and Future Plans Figure 34. EMD Millipore Corporation Recent Developments and Future Plans Figure 35. PBS Biotech Recent Developments and Future Plans Figure 36. Global Bioprocessing Systems Revenue Share by Players in 2020 Figure 37. Bioprocessing Systems Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) Figure 38. Global Top 3 Players Bioprocessing Systems Revenue Market Share in 2020 Figure 39. Global Top 10 Players Bioprocessing Systems Revenue Market Share in 2020 Figure 40. Key Players Market Share Trend (Top 3 Market Share: 2019 VS 2020 VS 2021) Figure 41. Global Bioprocessing Systems Revenue Share by Type in 2020 Figure 42. Global Bioprocessing Systems Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2026) Figure 43. Global Bioprocessing Systems Revenue Share by Application in 2020 Figure 44. Global Bioprocessing Systems Market Share Forecast by Application (2021-2026) Figure 45. North America Bioprocessing Systems Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2026) Figure 46. North America Bioprocessing Systems Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026) Figure 47. North America Bioprocessing Systems Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2026) Figure 48. United States Bioprocessing Systems Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 49. Canada Bioprocessing Systems Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 50. Mexico Bioprocessing Systems Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 51. Europe Bioprocessing Systems Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2026) Figure 52. Europe Bioprocessing Systems Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026) Figure 53. Europe Bioprocessing Systems Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2026) Figure 54. Germany Bioprocessing Systems Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 55. France Bioprocessing Systems Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 56. United Kingdom Bioprocessing Systems Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 57. Russia Bioprocessing Systems Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 58. Italy Bioprocessing Systems Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 59. Asia-Pacific Bioprocessing Systems Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2026) Figure 60. Asia-Pacific Bioprocessing Systems Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026) Figure 61. Asia-Pacific Bioprocessing Systems Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2026) Figure 62. China Bioprocessing Systems Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 63. Japan Bioprocessing Systems Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 64. South Korea Bioprocessing Systems Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 65. India Bioprocessing Systems Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 66. Southeast Asia Bioprocessing Systems Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 67. Australia Bioprocessing Systems Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 68. South America Bioprocessing Systems Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2026) Figure 69. South America Bioprocessing Systems Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026) Figure 70. South America Bioprocessing Systems Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2026) Figure 71. Brazil Bioprocessing Systems Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 72. Argentina Bioprocessing Systems Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 73. Middle East and Africa Bioprocessing Systems Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2026) Figure 74. Middle East and Africa Bioprocessing Systems Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026) Figure 75. Middle East and Africa Bioprocessing Systems Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2026) Figure 76. Turkey Bioprocessing Systems Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 77. Saudi Arabia Bioprocessing Systems Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 78. UAE Bioprocessing Systems Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 79. Methodology Figure 80. Research Process and Data Source