The 3D Virtual Fence market report provides a detailed analysis of global market size, regional and country-level market size, segmentation market growth, market share, competitive Landscape, sales analysis, impact of domestic and global market players, value chain optimization, trade regulations, recent developments, opportunities analysis, strategic market growth analysis, product launches, area marketplace expanding, and technological innovations. According to our latest research, the global 3D Virtual Fence size is estimated to be USD xx million in 2026 from USD xx million in 2020, with a change XX% between 2020 and 2021. The global 3D Virtual Fence market size is expected to grow at a CAGR of xx% for the next five years. Market segmentation 3D Virtual Fence market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2016-2026, the growth among segments provide accurate calculations and forecasts for revenue by Type and by Application. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets. Market segment by Type, covers Seismic Detector Technology Laser Beam Technology Laser Systems Integration Others Market segment by Application, can be divided into BFSI Infrastructure Border Security Agriculture Automation Others Market segment by players, this report covers Controp Precision Technologies G&A Surveillance Huper Laboratories AngryMole Technologies Senstar Schneider Electric Tyco International Anixter International Market segment by regions, regional analysis covers North America (United States, Canada, and Mexico) Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe) Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, India, Southeast Asia, Australia, and Rest of Asia-Pacific) South America (Brazil, Argentina, Rest of South America) Middle East & Africa (Turkey, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Rest of Middle East & Africa) The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 12 chapters: Chapter 1, to describe 3D Virtual Fence product scope, market overview, market opportunities, market driving force and market risks. Chapter 2, to profile the top players of 3D Virtual Fence, with revenue, gross margin and global market share of 3D Virtual Fence from 2019 to 2021. Chapter 3, the 3D Virtual Fence competitive situation, revenue and global market share of top players are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast. Chapter 4 and 5, to segment the market size by type and application, with revenue and growth rate by type, application, from 2016 to 2026. Chapter 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, to break the market size data at the country level, with revenue and market share for key countries in the world, from 2016 to 2021.and 3D Virtual Fence market forecast, by regions, type and application, with revenue, from 2021 to 2026. Chapter 11 and 12, to describe 3D Virtual Fence research findings and conclusion, appendix and data source.
1 Market Overview 1.1 Product Overview and Scope of 3D Virtual Fence 1.2 Classification of 3D Virtual Fence by Type 1.2.1 Overview: Global 3D Virtual Fence Market Size by Type: 2020 Versus 2021 Versus 2026 1.2.2 Global 3D Virtual Fence Revenue Market Share by Type in 2020 1.2.3 Seismic Detector Technology 1.2.4 Laser Beam Technology 1.2.5 Laser Systems Integration 1.2.6 Others 1.3 Global 3D Virtual Fence Market by Application 1.3.1 Overview: Global 3D Virtual Fence Market Size by Application: 2020 Versus 2021 Versus 2026 1.3.2 BFSI 1.3.3 Infrastructure 1.3.4 Border Security 1.3.5 Agriculture 1.3.6 Automation 1.3.7 Others 1.4 Global 3D Virtual Fence Market Size & Forecast 1.5 Global 3D Virtual Fence Market Size and Forecast by Region 1.5.1 Global 3D Virtual Fence Market Size by Region: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2026 1.5.2 Global 3D Virtual Fence Market Size by Region, (2016-2021) 1.5.3 North America 3D Virtual Fence Market Size and Prospect (2016-2026) 1.5.4 Europe 3D Virtual Fence Market Size and Prospect (2016-2026) 1.5.5 Asia-Pacific 3D Virtual Fence Market Size and Prospect (2016-2026) 1.5.6 South America 3D Virtual Fence Market Size and Prospect (2016-2026) 1.5.7 Middle East and Africa 3D Virtual Fence Market Size and Prospect (2016-2026) 1.6 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends 1.6.1 3D Virtual Fence Market Drivers 1.6.2 3D Virtual Fence Market Restraints 1.6.3 3D Virtual Fence Trends Analysis 2 Company Profiles 2.1 Controp Precision Technologies 2.1.1 Controp Precision Technologies Details 2.1.2 Controp Precision Technologies Major Business 2.1.3 Controp Precision Technologies 3D Virtual Fence Product and Solutions 2.1.4 Controp Precision Technologies 3D Virtual Fence Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) 2.1.5 Controp Precision Technologies Recent Developments and Future Plans 2.2 G&A Surveillance 2.2.1 G&A Surveillance Details 2.2.2 G&A Surveillance Major Business 2.2.3 G&A Surveillance 3D Virtual Fence Product and Solutions 2.2.4 G&A Surveillance 3D Virtual Fence Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) 2.2.5 G&A Surveillance Recent Developments and Future Plans 2.3 Huper Laboratories 2.3.1 Huper Laboratories Details 2.3.2 Huper Laboratories Major Business 2.3.3 Huper Laboratories 3D Virtual Fence Product and Solutions 2.3.4 Huper Laboratories 3D Virtual Fence Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) 2.3.5 Huper Laboratories Recent Developments and Future Plans 2.4 AngryMole Technologies 2.4.1 AngryMole Technologies Details 2.4.2 AngryMole Technologies Major Business 2.4.3 AngryMole Technologies 3D Virtual Fence Product and Solutions 2.4.4 AngryMole Technologies 3D Virtual Fence Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) 2.4.5 AngryMole Technologies Recent Developments and Future Plans 2.5 Senstar 2.5.1 Senstar Details 2.5.2 Senstar Major Business 2.5.3 Senstar 3D Virtual Fence Product and Solutions 2.5.4 Senstar 3D Virtual Fence Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) 2.5.5 Senstar Recent Developments and Future Plans 2.6 Schneider Electric 2.6.1 Schneider Electric Details 2.6.2 Schneider Electric Major Business 2.6.3 Schneider Electric 3D Virtual Fence Product and Solutions 2.6.4 Schneider Electric 3D Virtual Fence Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) 2.6.5 Schneider Electric Recent Developments and Future Plans 2.7 Tyco International 2.7.1 Tyco International Details 2.7.2 Tyco International Major Business 2.7.3 Tyco International 3D Virtual Fence Product and Solutions 2.7.4 Tyco International 3D Virtual Fence Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) 2.7.5 Tyco International Recent Developments and Future Plans 2.8 Anixter International 2.8.1 Anixter International Details 2.8.2 Anixter International Major Business 2.8.3 Anixter International 3D Virtual Fence Product and Solutions 2.8.4 Anixter International 3D Virtual Fence Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) 2.8.5 Anixter International Recent Developments and Future Plans 3 Market Competition, by Players 3.1 Global 3D Virtual Fence Revenue and Share by Players (2019-2021) 3.2 Market Concentration Rate 3.2.1 Top 3 3D Virtual Fence Players Market Share 3.2.2 Top 10 3D Virtual Fence Players Market Share 3.2.3 Market Competition Trend 3.3 3D Virtual Fence Players Head Office, Products and Services Provided 3.4 Mergers & Acquisitions 3.5 New Entrants and Expansion Plans 4 Market Size Segment by Type 4.1 Global 3D Virtual Fence Revenue and Market Share by Type (2016-2021) 4.2 Global 3D Virtual Fence Market Forecast by Type (2021-2026) 5 Market Size Segment by Application 5.1 Global 3D Virtual Fence Revenue Market Share by Application (2016-2021) 5.2 3D Virtual Fence Market Forecast by Application (2021-2026) 6 North America by Country, by Type, and by Application 6.1 North America 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Type (2016-2026) 6.2 North America 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Application (2016-2026) 6.3 North America 3D Virtual Fence Market Size by Country 6.3.1 North America 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Country (2016-2026) 6.3.2 United States 3D Virtual Fence Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 6.3.3 Canada 3D Virtual Fence Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 6.3.4 Mexico 3D Virtual Fence Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 7 Europe by Country, by Type, and by Application 7.1 Europe 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Type (2016-2026) 7.2 Europe 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Application (2016-2026) 7.3 Europe 3D Virtual Fence Market Size by Country 7.3.1 Europe 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Country (2016-2026) 7.3.2 Germany 3D Virtual Fence Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 7.3.3 France 3D Virtual Fence Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 7.3.4 United Kingdom 3D Virtual Fence Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 7.3.5 Russia 3D Virtual Fence Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 7.3.6 Italy 3D Virtual Fence Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 8 Asia-Pacific by Region, by Type, and by Application 8.1 Asia-Pacific 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Type (2016-2026) 8.2 Asia-Pacific 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Application (2016-2026) 8.3 Asia-Pacific 3D Virtual Fence Market Size by Region 8.3.1 Asia-Pacific 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Region (2016-2026) 8.3.2 China 3D Virtual Fence Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 8.3.3 Japan 3D Virtual Fence Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 8.3.4 South Korea 3D Virtual Fence Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 8.3.5 India 3D Virtual Fence Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 8.3.6 Southeast Asia 3D Virtual Fence Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 8.3.7 Australia 3D Virtual Fence Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 9 South America by Country, by Type, and by Application 9.1 South America 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Type (2016-2026) 9.2 South America 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Application (2016-2026) 9.3 South America 3D Virtual Fence Market Size by Country 9.3.1 South America 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Country (2016-2026) 9.3.2 Brazil 3D Virtual Fence Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 9.3.3 Argentina 3D Virtual Fence Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 10 Middle East & Africa by Country, by Type, and by Application 10.1 Middle East & Africa 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Type (2016-2026) 10.2 Middle East & Africa 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Application (2016-2026) 10.3 Middle East & Africa 3D Virtual Fence Market Size by Country 10.3.1 Middle East & Africa 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Country (2016-2026) 10.3.2 Turkey 3D Virtual Fence Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 10.3.3 Saudi Arabia 3D Virtual Fence Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 10.3.4 UAE 3D Virtual Fence Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) 11 Research Findings and Conclusion 12 Appendix 12.1 Methodology 12.2 Research Process and Data Source 12.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables Table 1. Global 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Type, (USD Million), 2020 VS 2021 VS 2026 Table 2. Global 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Application, (USD Million), 2020 VS 2021 VS 2026 Table 3. Global Market 3D Virtual Fence Revenue (Million USD) Comparison by Region (2016 VS 2021 VS 2026) Table 4. Global 3D Virtual Fence Revenue (USD Million) by Region (2016-2021) Table 5. Global 3D Virtual Fence Revenue Market Share by Region (2021-2026) Table 6. Controp Precision Technologies Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors Table 7. Controp Precision Technologies Major Business Table 8. Controp Precision Technologies 3D Virtual Fence Product and Solutions Table 9. Controp Precision Technologies 3D Virtual Fence Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) Table 10. G&A Surveillance Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors Table 11. G&A Surveillance Major Business Table 12. G&A Surveillance 3D Virtual Fence Product and Solutions Table 13. G&A Surveillance 3D Virtual Fence Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) Table 14. Huper Laboratories Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors Table 15. Huper Laboratories Major Business Table 16. Huper Laboratories 3D Virtual Fence Product and Solutions Table 17. Huper Laboratories 3D Virtual Fence Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) Table 18. AngryMole Technologies Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors Table 19. AngryMole Technologies Major Business Table 20. AngryMole Technologies 3D Virtual Fence Product and Solutions Table 21. AngryMole Technologies 3D Virtual Fence Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) Table 22. Senstar Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors Table 23. Senstar Major Business Table 24. Senstar 3D Virtual Fence Product and Solutions Table 25. Senstar 3D Virtual Fence Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) Table 26. Schneider Electric Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors Table 27. Schneider Electric Major Business Table 28. Schneider Electric 3D Virtual Fence Product and Solutions Table 29. Schneider Electric 3D Virtual Fence Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) Table 30. Tyco International Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors Table 31. Tyco International Major Business Table 32. Tyco International 3D Virtual Fence Product and Solutions Table 33. Tyco International 3D Virtual Fence Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) Table 34. Anixter International Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors Table 35. Anixter International Major Business Table 36. Anixter International 3D Virtual Fence Product and Solutions Table 37. Anixter International 3D Virtual Fence Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021) Table 38. Global 3D Virtual Fence Revenue (USD Million) by Players (2019-2021) Table 39. Global 3D Virtual Fence Revenue Share by Players (2019-2021) Table 40. Breakdown of 3D Virtual Fence by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) Table 41. 3D Virtual Fence Players Head Office, Products and Services Provided Table 42. 3D Virtual Fence Mergers & Acquisitions in the Past Five Years Table 43. 3D Virtual Fence New Entrants and Expansion Plans Table 44. Global 3D Virtual Fence Revenue (USD Million) by Type (2016-2021) Table 45. Global 3D Virtual Fence Revenue Share by Type (2016-2021) Table 46. Global 3D Virtual Fence Revenue Forecast by Type (2021-2026) Table 47. Global 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Application (2016-2021) Table 48. Global 3D Virtual Fence Revenue Forecast by Application (2021-2026) Table 49. North America 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Type (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 50. North America 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Type (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 51. North America 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Application (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 52. North America 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Application (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 53. North America 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 54. North America 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Country (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 55. Europe 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Type (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 56. Europe 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Type (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 57. Europe 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Application (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 58. Europe 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Application (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 59. Europe 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 60. Europe 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Country (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 61. Asia-Pacific 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Type (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 62. Asia-Pacific 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Type (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 63. Asia-Pacific 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Application (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 64. Asia-Pacific 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Application (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 65. Asia-Pacific 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Region (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 66. Asia-Pacific 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Region (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 67. South America 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Type (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 68. South America 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Type (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 69. South America 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Application (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 70. South America 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Application (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 71. South America 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 72. South America 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Country (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 73. Middle East & Africa 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Type (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 74. Middle East & Africa 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Type (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 75. Middle East & Africa 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Application (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 76. Middle East & Africa 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Application (2021-2026) & (USD Million) Table 77. Middle East & Africa 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & (USD Million) Table 78. Middle East & Africa 3D Virtual Fence Revenue by Country (2021-2026) & (USD Million) List of Figures Figure 1. 3D Virtual Fence Picture Figure 2. Global 3D Virtual Fence Revenue Market Share by Type in 2020 Figure 3. Seismic Detector Technology Figure 4. Laser Beam Technology Figure 5. Laser Systems Integration Figure 6. Others Figure 7. 3D Virtual Fence Revenue Market Share by Application in 2020 Figure 8. BFSI Picture Figure 9. Infrastructure Picture Figure 10. Border Security Picture Figure 11. Agriculture Picture Figure 12. Automation Picture Figure 13. Others Picture Figure 14. Global 3D Virtual Fence Revenue, (USD Million): 2020 VS 2021 VS 2026 Figure 15. Global 3D Virtual Fence Revenue and Forecast (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 16. Global 3D Virtual Fence Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2026) Figure 17. Global 3D Virtual Fence Revenue Market Share by Region in 2020 Figure 18. North America 3D Virtual Fence Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2026) Figure 19. Europe 3D Virtual Fence Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2026) Figure 20. Asia-Pacific 3D Virtual Fence Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2026) Figure 21. South America 3D Virtual Fence Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2026) Figure 22. Middle East and Africa 3D Virtual Fence Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2026) Figure 23. 3D Virtual Fence Market Drivers Figure 24. 3D Virtual Fence Market Restraints Figure 25. 3D Virtual Fence Market Trends Figure 26. Controp Precision Technologies Recent Developments and Future Plans Figure 27. G&A Surveillance Recent Developments and Future Plans Figure 28. Huper Laboratories Recent Developments and Future Plans Figure 29. AngryMole Technologies Recent Developments and Future Plans Figure 30. Senstar Recent Developments and Future Plans Figure 31. Schneider Electric Recent Developments and Future Plans Figure 32. Tyco International Recent Developments and Future Plans Figure 33. Anixter International Recent Developments and Future Plans Figure 34. Global 3D Virtual Fence Revenue Share by Players in 2020 Figure 35. 3D Virtual Fence Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) Figure 36. Global Top 3 Players 3D Virtual Fence Revenue Market Share in 2020 Figure 37. Global Top 10 Players 3D Virtual Fence Revenue Market Share in 2020 Figure 38. Key Players Market Share Trend (Top 3 Market Share: 2019 VS 2020 VS 2021) Figure 39. Global 3D Virtual Fence Revenue Share by Type in 2020 Figure 40. Global 3D Virtual Fence Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2026) Figure 41. Global 3D Virtual Fence Revenue Share by Application in 2020 Figure 42. Global 3D Virtual Fence Market Share Forecast by Application (2021-2026) Figure 43. North America 3D Virtual Fence Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2026) Figure 44. North America 3D Virtual Fence Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026) Figure 45. North America 3D Virtual Fence Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2026) Figure 46. United States 3D Virtual Fence Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 47. Canada 3D Virtual Fence Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 48. Mexico 3D Virtual Fence Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 49. Europe 3D Virtual Fence Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2026) Figure 50. Europe 3D Virtual Fence Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026) Figure 51. Europe 3D Virtual Fence Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2026) Figure 52. Germany 3D Virtual Fence Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 53. France 3D Virtual Fence Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 54. United Kingdom 3D Virtual Fence Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 55. Russia 3D Virtual Fence Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 56. Italy 3D Virtual Fence Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 57. Asia-Pacific 3D Virtual Fence Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2026) Figure 58. Asia-Pacific 3D Virtual Fence Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026) Figure 59. Asia-Pacific 3D Virtual Fence Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2026) Figure 60. China 3D Virtual Fence Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 61. Japan 3D Virtual Fence Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 62. South Korea 3D Virtual Fence Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 63. India 3D Virtual Fence Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 64. Southeast Asia 3D Virtual Fence Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 65. Australia 3D Virtual Fence Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 66. South America 3D Virtual Fence Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2026) Figure 67. South America 3D Virtual Fence Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026) Figure 68. South America 3D Virtual Fence Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2026) Figure 69. Brazil 3D Virtual Fence Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 70. Argentina 3D Virtual Fence Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 71. Middle East and Africa 3D Virtual Fence Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2026) Figure 72. Middle East and Africa 3D Virtual Fence Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026) Figure 73. Middle East and Africa 3D Virtual Fence Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2026) Figure 74. Turkey 3D Virtual Fence Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 75. Saudi Arabia 3D Virtual Fence Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 76. UAE 3D Virtual Fence Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million) Figure 77. Methodology Figure 78. Research Process and Data Source