Organic Spintronics market is segmented by players, region (country), by Type and by Application. Players, stakeholders, and other participants in the global Organic Spintronics market will be able to gain the upper hand as they use the report as a powerful resource. The segmental analysis focuses on revenue and forecast by Type and by Application for the period 2017-2028. Segment by Type Clockwise Spin Counter Clockwise Spin Segment by Application Data Storage Semiconductor Lasers Microwave Devices Quantum Computing Other By Company Advanced MicroSensors Corporation (AMS) Applied Spintronics Technology Crocus Technology Everspin Technologies NXP Semiconductors Intel Corporation NVE Corporation By Region North America United States Canada Europe Germany France UK Italy Russia Nordic Countries Rest of Europe Asia-Pacific China Japan South Korea Southeast Asia India Australia Rest of Asia Latin America Mexico Brazil Rest of Latin America Middle East & Africa Turkey Saudi Arabia UAE Rest of MEA
1 Report Business Overview 1.1 Study Scope 1.2 Market Analysis by Type 1.2.1 Global Organic Spintronics Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028 1.2.2 Clockwise Spin 1.2.3 Counter Clockwise Spin 1.3 Market by Application 1.3.1 Global Organic Spintronics Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028 1.3.2 Data Storage 1.3.3 Semiconductor Lasers 1.3.4 Microwave Devices 1.3.5 Quantum Computing 1.3.6 Other 1.4 Study Objectives 1.5 Years Considered 2 Global Growth Trends 2.1 Global Organic Spintronics Market Perspective (2017-2028) 2.2 Organic Spintronics Growth Trends by Region 2.2.1 Organic Spintronics Market Size by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028 2.2.2 Organic Spintronics Historic Market Size by Region (2017-2022) 2.2.3 Organic Spintronics Forecasted Market Size by Region (2023-2028) 2.3 Organic Spintronics Market Dynamics 2.3.1 Organic Spintronics Industry Trends 2.3.2 Organic Spintronics Market Drivers 2.3.3 Organic Spintronics Market Challenges 2.3.4 Organic Spintronics Market Restraints 3 Competition Landscape by Key Players 3.1 Global Top Organic Spintronics Players by Revenue 3.1.1 Global Top Organic Spintronics Players by Revenue (2017-2022) 3.1.2 Global Organic Spintronics Revenue Market Share by Players (2017-2022) 3.2 Global Organic Spintronics Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) 3.3 Players Covered: Ranking by Organic Spintronics Revenue 3.4 Global Organic Spintronics Market Concentration Ratio 3.4.1 Global Organic Spintronics Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI) 3.4.2 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by Organic Spintronics Revenue in 2021 3.5 Organic Spintronics Key Players Head office and Area Served 3.6 Key Players Organic Spintronics Product Solution and Service 3.7 Date of Enter into Organic Spintronics Market 3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans 4 Organic Spintronics Breakdown Data by Type 4.1 Global Organic Spintronics Historic Market Size by Type (2017-2022) 4.2 Global Organic Spintronics Forecasted Market Size by Type (2023-2028) 5 Organic Spintronics Breakdown Data by Application 5.1 Global Organic Spintronics Historic Market Size by Application (2017-2022) 5.2 Global Organic Spintronics Forecasted Market Size by Application (2023-2028) 6 North America 6.1 North America Organic Spintronics Market Size (2017-2028) 6.2 North America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type 6.2.1 North America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type (2017-2022) 6.2.2 North America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type (2023-2028) 6.2.3 North America Organic Spintronics Market Share by Type (2017-2028) 6.3 North America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application 6.3.1 North America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application (2017-2022) 6.3.2 North America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application (2023-2028) 6.3.3 North America Organic Spintronics Market Share by Application (2017-2028) 6.4 North America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Country 6.4.1 North America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Country (2017-2022) 6.4.2 North America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Country (2023-2028) 6.4.3 U.S. 6.4.4 Canada 7 Europe 7.1 Europe Organic Spintronics Market Size (2017-2028) 7.2 Europe Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type 7.2.1 Europe Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type (2017-2022) 7.2.2 Europe Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type (2023-2028) 7.2.3 Europe Organic Spintronics Market Share by Type (2017-2028) 7.3 Europe Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application 7.3.1 Europe Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application (2017-2022) 7.3.2 Europe Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application (2023-2028) 7.3.3 Europe Organic Spintronics Market Share by Application (2017-2028) 7.4 Europe Organic Spintronics Market Size by Country 7.4.1 Europe Organic Spintronics Market Size by Country (2017-2022) 7.4.2 Europe Organic Spintronics Market Size by Country (2023-2028) 7.4.3 Germany 7.4.4 France 7.4.5 U.K. 7.4.6 Italy 7.4.7 Russia 7.4.8 Nordic Countries 8 Asia-Pacific 8.1 Asia-Pacific Organic Spintronics Market Size (2017-2028) 8.2 Asia-Pacific Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type 8.2.1 Asia-Pacific Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type (2017-2022) 8.2.2 Asia-Pacific Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type (2023-2028) 8.2.3 Asia-Pacific Organic Spintronics Market Share by Type (2017-2028) 8.3 Asia-Pacific Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application 8.3.1 Asia-Pacific Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application (2017-2022) 8.3.2 Asia-Pacific Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application (2023-2028) 8.3.3 Asia-Pacific Organic Spintronics Market Share by Application (2017-2028) 8.4 Asia-Pacific Organic Spintronics Market Size by Region 8.4.1 Asia-Pacific Organic Spintronics Market Size by Region (2017-2022) 8.4.2 Asia-Pacific Organic Spintronics Market Size by Region (2023-2028) 8.4.3 China 8.4.4 Japan 8.4.5 South Korea 8.4.6 Southeast Asia 8.4.7 India 8.4.8 Australia 9 Latin America 9.1 Latin America Organic Spintronics Market Size (2017-2028) 9.2 Latin America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type 9.2.1 Latin America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type (2017-2022) 9.2.2 Latin America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type (2023-2028) 9.2.3 Latin America Organic Spintronics Market Share by Type (2017-2028) 9.3 Latin America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application 9.3.1 Latin America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application (2017-2022) 9.3.2 Latin America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application (2023-2028) 9.3.3 Latin America Organic Spintronics Market Share by Application (2017-2028) 9.4 Latin America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Country 9.4.1 Latin America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Country (2017-2022) 9.4.2 Latin America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Country (2023-2028) 9.4.3 Mexico 9.4.4 Brazil 10 Middle East & Africa 10.1 Middle East & Africa Organic Spintronics Market Size (2017-2028) 10.2 Middle East & Africa Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type 10.2.1 Middle East & Africa Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type (2017-2022) 10.2.2 Middle East & Africa Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type (2023-2028) 10.2.3 Middle East & Africa Organic Spintronics Market Share by Type (2017-2028) 10.3 Middle East & Africa Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application 10.3.1 Middle East & Africa Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application (2017-2022) 10.3.2 Middle East & Africa Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application (2023-2028) 10.3.3 Middle East & Africa Organic Spintronics Market Share by Application (2017-2028) 10.4 Middle East & Africa Organic Spintronics Market Size by Country 10.4.1 Middle East & Africa Organic Spintronics Market Size by Country (2017-2022) 10.4.2 Middle East & Africa Organic Spintronics Market Size by Country (2023-2028) 10.4.3 Turkey 10.4.4 Saudi Arabia 10.4.5 UAE 11 Key Players Profiles 11.1 Advanced MicroSensors Corporation (AMS) 11.1.1 Advanced MicroSensors Corporation (AMS) Company Details 11.1.2 Advanced MicroSensors Corporation (AMS) Business Overview 11.1.3 Advanced MicroSensors Corporation (AMS) Organic Spintronics Introduction 11.1.4 Advanced MicroSensors Corporation (AMS) Revenue in Organic Spintronics Business (2017-2022) 11.1.5 Advanced MicroSensors Corporation (AMS) Recent Developments 11.2 Applied Spintronics Technology 11.2.1 Applied Spintronics Technology Company Details 11.2.2 Applied Spintronics Technology Business Overview 11.2.3 Applied Spintronics Technology Organic Spintronics Introduction 11.2.4 Applied Spintronics Technology Revenue in Organic Spintronics Business (2017-2022) 11.2.5 Applied Spintronics Technology Recent Developments 11.3 Crocus Technology 11.3.1 Crocus Technology Company Details 11.3.2 Crocus Technology Business Overview 11.3.3 Crocus Technology Organic Spintronics Introduction 11.3.4 Crocus Technology Revenue in Organic Spintronics Business (2017-2022) 11.3.5 Crocus Technology Recent Developments 11.4 Everspin Technologies 11.4.1 Everspin Technologies Company Details 11.4.2 Everspin Technologies Business Overview 11.4.3 Everspin Technologies Organic Spintronics Introduction 11.4.4 Everspin Technologies Revenue in Organic Spintronics Business (2017-2022) 11.4.5 Everspin Technologies Recent Developments 11.5 NXP Semiconductors 11.5.1 NXP Semiconductors Company Details 11.5.2 NXP Semiconductors Business Overview 11.5.3 NXP Semiconductors Organic Spintronics Introduction 11.5.4 NXP Semiconductors Revenue in Organic Spintronics Business (2017-2022) 11.5.5 NXP Semiconductors Recent Developments 11.6 Intel Corporation 11.6.1 Intel Corporation Company Details 11.6.2 Intel Corporation Business Overview 11.6.3 Intel Corporation Organic Spintronics Introduction 11.6.4 Intel Corporation Revenue in Organic Spintronics Business (2017-2022) 11.6.5 Intel Corporation Recent Developments 11.7 NVE Corporation 11.7.1 NVE Corporation Company Details 11.7.2 NVE Corporation Business Overview 11.7.3 NVE Corporation Organic Spintronics Introduction 11.7.4 NVE Corporation Revenue in Organic Spintronics Business (2017-2022) 11.7.5 NVE Corporation Recent Developments 12 Analyst's Viewpoints/Conclusions 13 Appendix 13.1 Research Methodology 13.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach 13.1.2 Data Source 13.2 Author Details 13.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables Table 1. Global Organic Spintronics Market Size Growth Rate by Type (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028 Table 2. Key Players of Clockwise Spin Table 3. Key Players of Counter Clockwise Spin Table 4. Global Organic Spintronics Market Size Growth Rate by Application (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028 Table 5. Global Organic Spintronics Market Size by Region (US$ Million): 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028 Table 6. Global Organic Spintronics Market Size by Region (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 7. Global Organic Spintronics Market Share by Region (2017-2022) Table 8. Global Organic Spintronics Forecasted Market Size by Region (2023-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 9. Global Organic Spintronics Market Share by Region (2023-2028) Table 10. Organic Spintronics Market Trends Table 11. Organic Spintronics Market Drivers Table 12. Organic Spintronics Market Challenges Table 13. Organic Spintronics Market Restraints Table 14. Global Organic Spintronics Revenue by Players (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 15. Global Organic Spintronics Revenue Share by Players (2017-2022) Table 16. Global Top Organic Spintronics by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Organic Spintronics as of 2021) Table 17. Ranking of Global Top Organic Spintronics Companies by Revenue (US$ Million) in 2021 Table 18. Global 5 Largest Players Market Share by Organic Spintronics Revenue (CR5 and HHI) & (2017-2022) Table 19. Key Players Headquarters and Area Served Table 20. Key Players Organic Spintronics Product Solution and Service Table 21. Date of Enter into Organic Spintronics Market Table 22. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans Table 23. Global Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 24. Global Organic Spintronics Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2022) Table 25. Global Organic Spintronics Forecasted Market Size by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 26. Global Organic Spintronics Revenue Market Share by Type (2023-2028) Table 27. Global Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 28. Global Organic Spintronics Revenue Share by Application (2017-2022) Table 29. Global Organic Spintronics Forecasted Market Size by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 30. Global Organic Spintronics Revenue Share by Application (2023-2028) Table 31. North America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 32. North America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 33. North America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 34. North America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 35. North America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 36. North America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 37. Europe Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 38. Europe Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 39. Europe Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 40. Europe Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 41. Europe Organic Spintronics Market Size by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 42. Europe Organic Spintronics Market Size by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 43. Asia Pacific Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 44. Asia Pacific Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 45. Asia Pacific Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 46. Asia Pacific Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 47. Asia Pacific Organic Spintronics Market Size by Region (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 48. Asia Pacific Organic Spintronics Market Size by Region (2023-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 49. Latin America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 50. Latin America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 51. Latin America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 52. Latin America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 53. Latin America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 54. Latin America Organic Spintronics Market Size by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 55. Middle East and Africa Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 56. Middle East and Africa Organic Spintronics Market Size by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 57. Middle East and Africa Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 58. Middle East and Africa Organic Spintronics Market Size by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 59. Middle East and Africa Organic Spintronics Market Size by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 60. Middle East and Africa Organic Spintronics Market Size by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 61. Advanced MicroSensors Corporation (AMS) Company Details Table 62. Advanced MicroSensors Corporation (AMS) Business Overview Table 63. Advanced MicroSensors Corporation (AMS) Organic Spintronics Product Table 64. Advanced MicroSensors Corporation (AMS) Revenue in Organic Spintronics Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 65. Advanced MicroSensors Corporation (AMS) Recent Developments Table 66. Applied Spintronics Technology Company Details Table 67. Applied Spintronics Technology Business Overview Table 68. Applied Spintronics Technology Organic Spintronics Product Table 69. Applied Spintronics Technology Revenue in Organic Spintronics Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 70. Applied Spintronics Technology Recent Developments Table 71. Crocus Technology Company Details Table 72. Crocus Technology Business Overview Table 73. Crocus Technology Organic Spintronics Product Table 74. Crocus Technology Revenue in Organic Spintronics Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 75. Crocus Technology Recent Developments Table 76. Everspin Technologies Company Details Table 77. Everspin Technologies Business Overview Table 78. Everspin Technologies Organic Spintronics Product Table 79. Everspin Technologies Revenue in Organic Spintronics Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 80. Everspin Technologies Recent Developments Table 81. NXP Semiconductors Company Details Table 82. NXP Semiconductors Business Overview Table 83. NXP Semiconductors Organic Spintronics Product Table 84. NXP Semiconductors Revenue in Organic Spintronics Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 85. NXP Semiconductors Recent Developments Table 86. Intel Corporation Company Details Table 87. Intel Corporation Business Overview Table 88. Intel Corporation Organic Spintronics Product Table 89. Intel Corporation Revenue in Organic Spintronics Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 90. Intel Corporation Recent Developments Table 91. NVE Corporation Company Details Table 92. NVE Corporation Business Overview Table 93. NVE Corporation Organic Spintronics Product Table 94. NVE Corporation Revenue in Organic Spintronics Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 95. NVE Corporation Recent Developments Table 96. Research Programs/Design for This Report Table 97. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources Table 98. Key Data Information from Primary Sources List of Figures Figure 1. Global Organic Spintronics Market Share by Type: 2021 VS 2028 Figure 2. Clockwise Spin Features Figure 3. Counter Clockwise Spin Features Figure 4. Global Organic Spintronics Market Share by Application: 2021 VS 2028 Figure 5. Data Storage Case Studies Figure 6. Semiconductor Lasers Case Studies Figure 7. Microwave Devices Case Studies Figure 8. Quantum Computing Case Studies Figure 9. Other Case Studies Figure 10. Organic Spintronics Report Years Considered Figure 11. Global Organic Spintronics Market Size (US$ Million), Year-over-Year: 2017-2028 Figure 12. Global Organic Spintronics Market Size, (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028 Figure 13. Global Organic Spintronics Market Share by Region: 2021 VS 2028 Figure 14. Global Organic Spintronics Market Share by Players in 2021 Figure 15. Global Top Organic Spintronics Players by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Organic Spintronics as of 2021) Figure 16. The Top 10 and 5 Players Market Share by Organic Spintronics Revenue in 2021 Figure 17. North America Organic Spintronics Market Size YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 18. North America Organic Spintronics Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2028) Figure 19. North America Organic Spintronics Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2028) Figure 20. North America Organic Spintronics Market Size Share by Country (2017-2028) Figure 21. United States Organic Spintronics Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 22. Canada Organic Spintronics Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 23. Europe Organic Spintronics Market Size YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 24. Europe Organic Spintronics Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2028) Figure 25. Europe Organic Spintronics Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2028) Figure 26. Europe Organic Spintronics Market Size Share by Country (2017-2028) Figure 27. Germany Organic Spintronics Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 28. France Organic Spintronics Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 29. U.K. Organic Spintronics Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 30. Italy Organic Spintronics Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 31. Russia Organic Spintronics Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 32. Nordic Countries Organic Spintronics Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 33. Asia-Pacific Organic Spintronics Market Size YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 34. Asia Pacific Organic Spintronics Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2028) Figure 35. Asia Pacific Organic Spintronics Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2028) Figure 36. Asia Pacific Organic Spintronics Market Size Share by Region (2017-2028) Figure 37. China Organic Spintronics Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 38. Japan Organic Spintronics Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 39. South Korea Organic Spintronics Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 40. Southeast Asia Organic Spintronics Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 41. India Organic Spintronics Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 42. Australia Organic Spintronics Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) List of Figures Figure 43. Latin America Organic Spintronics Market Size YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 44. Latin America Organic Spintronics Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2028) Figure 45. Latin America Organic Spintronics Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2028) Figure 46. Latin America Organic Spintronics Market Size Share by Country (2017-2028) Figure 47. Mexico Organic Spintronics Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 48. Brazil Organic Spintronics Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 49. Middle East & Africa Organic Spintronics Market Size YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 50. Middle East and Africa Organic Spintronics Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2028) Figure 51. Middle East and Africa Organic Spintronics Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2028) Figure 52. Middle East and Africa Organic Spintronics Market Size Share by Country (2017-2028) Figure 53. Turkey Organic Spintronics Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 54. Saudi Arabia Organic Spintronics Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 55. UAE Organic Spintronics Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 56. Advanced MicroSensors Corporation (AMS) Revenue Growth Rate in Organic Spintronics Business (2017-2022) Figure 57. Applied Spintronics Technology Revenue Growth Rate in Organic Spintronics Business (2017-2022) Figure 58. Crocus Technology Revenue Growth Rate in Organic Spintronics Business (2017-2022) Figure 59. Everspin Technologies Revenue Growth Rate in Organic Spintronics Business (2017-2022) Figure 60. NXP Semiconductors Revenue Growth Rate in Organic Spintronics Business (2017-2022) Figure 61. Intel Corporation Revenue Growth Rate in Organic Spintronics Business (2017-2022) Figure 62. NVE Corporation Revenue Growth Rate in Organic Spintronics Business (2017-2022) Figure 63. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report Figure 64. Data Triangulation Figure 65. Key Executives Interviewed